US-Europe World Affairs

U.S and Nordic States are re-strengthening defense and security cooperation to enhance interoperability between NATO allies and partner nations, and to counter the emerging challenges in the High North and the Arctic region.

On March 1st 2023, the outcome of the Trilateral Enhanced Cooperation study, initiated originally in 2021, was finalized by the endorsement of Finland, Sweden, and the United States. Hosted by the U.S European Command the event took place at the USEUCOM HQ in Stuttgart, Germany by Defense representatives of the three contracting parties.

“The security challenges in the Arctic and Baltic Sea are greater and more complex than ever before,”…….. “The finalization of this collaborative study reaffirms the importance of continuously working together to identify opportunities for strengthening our collective deterrence capabilities to counter the current and emerging threats that could impact our shared security interests in the region.” elaborated  ©U.S. European Command Deputy Commander Lt. Gen. Steven Basham March 1, 2023 

The finalized Trilateral Enhanced Cooperation study is another milestone in the Transatlantic partnership. And it signifies forthright the United States unwavering commitments to Europe particularly in the High North, the Baltic Sea and the Arctic region.

Additional: The United States with Nordic and Baltic nations (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) in Enhanced Partnership in Northern Europe (E-PINE)

• Get update from USEUCOM
• U.S Army Europe and Africa
• U.S Army NATO Brigade    
• U.S Air Forces Europe and Africa     
• NATO AIRCOM                         NATO  MARCOM  

Acknowledgments: sources: USEUCOM. Article by Catherine S. Schmidt, Editor in Chief.

Special Edition Interview with Col. Troy V. Alexander, U.S Army NATO Commander, conducted by Editor in Chief, Catherine S. Schmidt

Q 1: U.S Army NATO is the Army’s support element for 44 NATO organizations across 81 locations in 22 countries. Can you give us a broad view into USANATO Brigade?

Col. Troy V. Alexander, U.S Army NATO Commander: Since GEN Dwight D. Eisenhower first established this organization in December 1950, our job has been to provide training, logistics and human resources to produce ready and resilient Soldiers (and families) for NATO Land Force organizations across the alliance. We have four categories of personnel based on the type of assignment.

About 80% of our formation (over 800 folks) are what we call Peacetime Establishment, or PE Soldiers, directly assigned to 38 NATO warfighting and support organizations in 20 countries. Some examples of these types of organizations include Joint Forces Command Brunssum, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Spain, 1st German-Netherlands Corps, the CBRN Centre of Excellence in Czechia, the Joint Warfare Centre in Stavanger, Norway, and the 2^nd NATO Signal Battalion in Naples. These Soldiers work directly for their NATO chain of command filling key leader and support roles across the alliance.

We also have 70 Military Personnel Exchange Program (MPEP) and Schools of Other Nations (SONs) Soldiers at 60 locations in 12 countries. They support cooperative security program objectives to build partner nation capacity, strengthen relationships, and increase confidence and security measures across the Alliance.  Our MPEP’s are exchange Soldiers between the U.S. Army and similar units in NATO militaries. Schools of Other Nations Soldiers are assigned to national level NATO military schools like those in the United States.  A great example is the professional military education program taught at Ecole Militaire, in the heart of Paris. 

Supporting our geographically dispersed cadre of warfighters and exchange officers are a 250 strong contingent we call National Support Element Soldiers, stationed mostly in Italy, Germany and Belgium.  The primary purpose of the NSE Soldiers is to ensure PE, MPEP and SONs meet individual readiness requirements and to help ensure resources are available to meet the needs of their families, including housing, medical and quality of life.  We are also currently building deployable forward area warfighter support teams at the Headquarters, to provide agile and responsive Administrative Agent support to meet any emerging readiness and combat support requirements in this dynamic and rapidly changing theater of operations.  

Q 2: In early February U.S soldiers in the NATO Rapid Deployable Corps visited the Spanish Army’s 1st Military Police Battalion. What inspired this visit? And how do you describe the collaboration and the partnerships between the U.S. Armed Forces/ USANATO Brigade and Spanish military?

Col. Troy V. Alexander, U.S Army NATO Commander: Our visit to the Spanish Army’s 1^st Military Police Battalion was conceived and organized by the U.S. Senior National Representative at NRDC-Spain, Col. Jerzy Zubr, who sought to strengthen bi-lateral and multi-national relationships and give U.S. Soldiers an opportunity to learn more about the battalion’s unique capabilities.  Their objective was to witness the agility and dedication of Spain’s military police maneuver forces and bring that knowledge back to better integrate it into contingency response planning. The visit was an effort to strengthen bonds, and the long-standing relationship with a key strategic ally.

For more than 60 years, the United States and Spain, along with our other NATO allies, have maintained a mutual commitment to regional peace and stability. No nation can confront today’s challenges alone.  As the European security environment continues to shift in response to illegal aggression and malign influence, the U.S. continues to develop interoperability and cooperative capabilities to deter aggression…or if called upon, restore the peace. This visit was another example of our deep commitment to maintaining a strong and unified Europe.  Ready, capable and stronger together. 

Q 3: Can you discuss the Multinational Exercise Loyal Leda 2022 and the crucial role that the U.S. Soldiers held in it?

Col. Troy V. Alexander, U.S Army NATO Commander: Exercise Loyal Leda is one of NATO’s most important annual combat readiness evaluation exercises, and our Soldiers were embedded at every echelon of the NATO command structure, serving alongside of over 700 service members from 25 NATO and partner nations at the Joint Force Training Centre (JFTC) in Bydgoszcz, Poland. 

At the heart of Loyal Leda 2022 was the JFTC-led Exercise Control (EXCON) headquarters, commanding and controlling thousands of troops across Europe in an Allied Land domain campaign exercise.  The exercise was based on a compelling Article 5 scenario that encompassed a wide range of modern warfare challenges, including space and cyber domains, as well as hybrid warfare.

Its successful execution would not have been possible without the tremendous support of various commands, such as Headquarters Supreme Allied Command Transformation, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, NATO Allied Air Command, Joint Force Command Brunssum, United States Army Europe, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps Spain, U.S. Army V Corps, NATO Communications and Information Agency, U.S. Navy Reserve, numerous MODs and more. Bottomline is that Loyal Leda delivered new levels of cohesion, a center of gravity for NATO adversaries.  Opportunities like this, which improve and strengthen our capabilities and partnerships, continue to reinforce why NATO is the most powerful alliance on the planet.

Q 4: U.S Army NATO Brigade hosted consolidated readiness training for Europe-based military personnel exchange soldiers, in November 2022. Announced by USANATO Brigade ‘the U.S. Army NATO Brigade provides support to 55 MPEP Soldiers at 44 locations in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom’. What categories of the exercises were parts of those readiness training?

And please tell us about the main responsibilities that the U.S Army NATO Brigade has within the Allied Forces North Battalion, and the Allied Forces South Battalion?

Col. Troy V. Alexander, U.S Army NATO Commander: During the event, we focused on individual readiness training for MPEP Soldiers to ensure they met U.S. Army deployment readiness requirements.  The event also gave the cadre the opportunity to exchange best practices, and work with the USA NATO headquarters staff to recommend improvements to the MPEP program.  With deployment training complete, our MPEPs were once again free to work with their various partner-nation organizations to deploy and support movements without restrictions, to a variety of local, national and regional exercise events. In the short few months since our MPEP training, our Soldiers have already led the Germany Army’s 1st Airborne and 23rd Mountain Brigade’s to Alaska for Artic Training at Joint Base Elemendorf-Richardson and certified the Italy’s Garibaldi Brigade during exercise Pegaso 22-4, in preparation to join NATO’s Joint Rapid Reaction Force this year (to name a few efforts). 

Our Allied Forces South Battalion and Allied Forces North Battalion are responsible for providing support to PE Soldiers and their families across Southern Europe/Eurasia and Northern/Central and Eastern Europe respectively. Most of the day-to-day execution to support PE Soldiers across the theater falls on the shoulders of these two battalions and their assigned companies. AFNorth commands four Army companies in Belgium, Germany and Poland, while AFSouth commands three Army companies in Italy and Turkey and one company in the United States.  Together with the capabilities of the Brigade headquarters, this forms the National Support Element structure for USANATO. 

Two Battalions, one Brigade. Steady! NATO Strong! 

• More news from U.S. Army NATO Brigade      
•  U.S European Command
• U.S Army Europe and Africa      
• U.S Air Force Europe-Africa          
• The 7th Army Training           U.S Mission to NATO 
• U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa

Acknowledgments: Image 1, Maj. Gen. Michael D. Wickman passes the U.S. Army NATO Brigade colors to Col. Troy V. Alexander during a change of command ceremony July 7, 2022 © Army.  Interview is subject to copyright © U.S NATO Brigade/U.S Army Europe and Africa/U.S Army/ U.S Europe World Affairs.com 

Dear all, we have updated the U.S National Guard SPP. You can view it on the menu under U.S National Guard SPP page. Have a safe, happy and blessed weekend. Editor in Chief, Catherine S. Schmidt 

Special Edition Interview with NATO Allied Maritime Command Spokesperson,    conducted by Editor in Chief, Catherine S. Schmidt

Q 1: Could you please walk us through the landscape of Allied Maritime Command (MARCOM) – the structure, the missions, and the importance of MARCOM’s Maritime Security, 360° Deterrence and Defence at Sea?

NATO Allied Maritime Command Spokesperson: NATO Allied Maritime Command (MARCOM) is the central command of all NATO’s standing maritime forces. The Commander of MARCOM is the principal maritime advisor to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) and for a decade we have been the sole Maritime Component Command for the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE).

Located in Northwood, United Kingdom, MARCOM is a multinational headquarters manned by over 400 officers, petty officers and civilians from NATO countries and representatives from NATO partner nations.  MARCOM’s area of responsibility ranges from the Arctic, to the North Atlantic, to the Baltic, Mediterranean and Black Seas.

There are four permanent Task Groups under its command – Standing NATO Maritime Group One and Two (SNMG1 and SNMG2) and Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group One and Two (SNMCMG1 and SNMCMG2). These four Maritime Groups are NATO’s integrated maritime force, made up of Allied Nations’ contributions. Under continuous full NATO operational command, these warships are assigned a variety of tasks; from compiling and maintaining a comprehensive maritime picture and situational awareness, to operational missions and and vigilance activities to ensure Alliance readiness to respond if needed.

In addition, under Operation Sea Guardian, an operation that has been stood up to enhance security in the Mediterranean, MARCOM is contributing to capacity building for partner nations and conducts six focused operations each year with a specific focus on areas of interest in the Mediterranean Sea.

Under direction of the Commander, three one-star Admirals/Commodores command NATO Maritime assets. The Commander Surface Forces NATO coordinates the overall operational effort. In peacetime, they are the Commander of the Standing NATO Naval Forces. Through the NATO Shipping Centre, they directly liaise with the commercial shipping community and maritime security agencies.

Commander Submarines NATO commands submarines under NATO operational control. Commander Maritime Air NATO commands the activities of Maritime Patrol Aircraft under NATO operational control. Through Command of NATO forces, and coordination with Allied navies, MARCOM ensures NATO maintains its operational superiority at sea, protecting the Alliance. MARCOM is eternally vigilant, helping secure our world at sea.

Alongside counterparts in Land Command and Air Command, the three Joint Forces Commands ensure that NATO is ready to anticipate threats and respond to any situation in any environment. Together, they implement Deterrence and Defence in the Euro-Atlantic Area (DDA).  DDA is a new concept adopted by NATO Allies in response to a myriad of complex challenges. It represents a significant breakthrough in the level of integration and planning of Allied military activities. It seeks to counter threats by providing a common framework for deterrence and defence in peace, crisis, and war.

The increased integration of national and NATO maritime plans, alongside constant coordination between national and MARCOM maritime operational centres, leads to synchronised effects, which are amplified across the seas.

This clear demonstration of Alliance cohesion, capability, and resolve seeks to deter challengers from spreading destabilization, widening disorder, or accruing decisive military advantage that would damage Euro-Atlantic security. The ‘deter and defend’ concept reflects the alliance’s defensive nature, its war prevention aims, and its commitment to a rules-based international order.

Q 2: How the naval operations and exercises between MARCOM, SNMG1 and SNMG2 are coordinated?

NATO Allied Maritime Command Spokesperson: Exercises led by MARCOM either focus on a specific area of warfare, or test NATO assets’ capacity to execute NATO plans throughout the whole spectrum of maritime operations. All the main competencies are covered by the current exercise menu, maintaining the right level of proficiency across every skillset.

They are designed to allow personnel to train in collective competencies so they achieve readiness for operations. Exercises send strong messages on Alliance capability and resolve, and they’re transformative to support the establishment of new capabilities.

For exercise coordination between MARCOM and SNMGs, there is always an Exercise Director (EXDIR) at MARCOM HQ. They have significant freedom to use Exercise Control (EXCON) structures to control how the exercise is executed, in order to set the conditions to achieve the approved objectives.

For exercise coordination between MARCOM and participating assets the procedures, staff (under the assigned Exercise Director – EXDIR) and structures are always in place to control how the exercise is executed, in order to set the conditions to achieve the approved objectives, and identify lessons and areas for improvement. The role of coordination between the teams responsible for training, experimentation, analysis and evaluation rests with the Exercise Direction as the overarching execution coordinating authority.

Exercises have value because they bring together personnel from different backgrounds and nations to learn from each other, and by training together they become more than the sum of their parts. The returns are far greater compared with exercising as a standalone nation. They also lead to increased coordination and interoperability, and the ships in the Standing NATO Forces learn to operate efficiently together. NATO Maritime exercises support DDA vigilance activities by demonstrating NATO naval forces’ interoperability and readiness in the full spectrum of naval operations, therefore supporting NATO’s collective defense.

Q 3: The multi-domain exercise of ‘Neptune Strike 22’ was executed in January 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea. How that exercise helped NATO allies and partners to enhance their integration ability at the operational level? Could you also tell us about Neptune Strike 2022.2, which took place in October last year?

NATO Allied Maritime Command Spokesperson: Neptune Strike 2022 highlights NATO’s ability to integrate the high-end maritime capabilities of a carrier strike group, ensuring high operational readiness across the Alliance and the defence and protection of all Allies.

Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO (STRIKFORNATO) and U.S. Sixth Fleet (SIXTHFLT) carried out Neptune Strike in February 2022. It was a vigilance activity exercise in the Adriatic Sea, involving missions at sea and in the air across most of Europe, supporting both Allied Joint Force Command Naples and Brunssum.

It included the long-planned transfer of command and control of the Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group (CSG) to the NATO Alliance – thereby demonstrating NATO’s ability to integrate the high-end maritime warfare capabilities of a carrier strike group to support the defense of the Alliance.

STRIKFORNATO led a maritime force composed of two carriers, 15 ships and approximately 90 aircraft, including forces from the Harry S. Truman CSG, the Italian Navy CAVOUR CSG, Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 and Mine Counter Measure Group 2.

Neptune Strike 22 levered the combat power of a U.S. carrier strike group, promoted interoperability with Allies and allowed operators to train on NATO networks, train to NATO procedures and become familiar with operating in the European Theatre. Overall, forces and personnel from 28 NATO countries participated in Neptune Strike. 

The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe coordinated the activity, integrating NATO Allied Maritime Command and NATO Allied Air Command, while STRIKFORNATO executed command and control of Neptune Strike 22 from USS Mount Whitney (LCC 20), the SIXTHFLT and Commander STRIKFORNATO’s flagship.

In October 2022 and February 2023, the eighth and ninth phases respectively of NATO’s long-planned Project Neptune series were carried out. They were built on previous phases including Neptune Challenge in October and November 2021, Neptune Strike activities and Neptune Shield in May 2022. As in previous phases of Project Neptune, NEST 22.2 brought NATO commands throughout the Alliance together to plan and execute multi-domain real-world vigilance activities.

During Neptune Strike 22.2, SIXTHFLT conducted a transfer of authority of the George H.W. Bush CSG to STRIKFORNATO. While under STRIKFORNATO command and control, the CSG and other allied units delivered effects in Allied Joint Forces Command (JFC) Naples and JFC Brunssum joint operating areas, demonstrating Alliance cohesion and the ability to simultaneously operate throughout European waters. The latest iteration, Neptune Strike 23.1, was centered on the George H.W. Bush Carrier Strike Group, Italian aircraft carrier ITS Cavour, and Spanish amphibious assault ship ESPS Juan Carlos I, all operating in the Mediterranean Sea. Supporting units from Greece, Türkiye, Croatia, Hungary, the Netherlands, and Albania all contributed forces, underscoring cohesive alliance integration.

The Neptune Series of peacetime vigilance activities, integrating carrier strike and amphibious strike capability into NATO operations, has become routine work for this battle staff – generating effects in the maritime, air and land domains, providing deterrence and reassurance, and offering powerful opportunities for Allied interoperability.

Q 4: The Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 conducted an exercise with Finland and Sweden in the Baltic Sea in late November 2022. Stated by MARCOM: the exercise aimed to strengthen and improve the interoperability between the NATO Allies’ Maritime Forces. In your view how far that maritime goal has been achieved? And how crucial do you see the roles that Finland and Sweden have in NATO’s Maritime Forces particularly at the Baltic Sea region?

NATO Allied Maritime Command Spokesperson: The Baltic Sea region is of great strategic importance to all bordering nations. Co-operation in the area is of particular interest for NATO, as six Allied and two Partner Nations border the Baltic Sea. NATO deploys maritime forces in the Baltic Sea in order to maintain a credible and capable defensive capability in accordance with treaty obligations.

In November 2022, Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 (SNMG1) conducted maritime operations at sea and port visits with NATO partner nations Finland and Sweden to improve interoperability and understanding between maritime forces.

On Nov. 7, Finnish Navy missile boat FNS Tornio sailed with SNMG1 and participated in maneuvering, air defence, and force protection exercises. After exercising with the Finnish Navy SNMG1 met at sea with Swedish Navy corvette HSwMS Malmo. They conducted intensive training including replenishment-at-sea approaches, high-speed maneuvering, anti-surface warfare, force protection, and hoisting exercises. The last training was part of a medical evacuation exercise, during which a helicopter retrieved patients without actually landing on the ship. Medics transferred the simulated patients to the hospital facility on board HNoMS Maud, adding to a mutual understanding of tactics and methods as well as interoperability.

In late November, SNMG1 and Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group 1 (SNMCMG1) joined 12 nations for Finnish Navy exercise Freezing Winds in the Baltic Sea. The exercise focused on interoperability between the multinational joint forces. Twenty-three vessels and nearly 5,000 troops participated in different scenarios throughout the exercise in the Gulf of Finland and Archipelago Sea areas. This provided participants a challenging program in a broad range of maritime warfare skillsets from air defense to mine countermeasures, and submarine warfare to counter-surface measures. Regional topography and seasonal weather conditions also provided intense training opportunities from a maritime navigational perspective.

Finland, Sweden and NATO Allies share the same values and face many of the same challenges. They are two of NATO’s closest partners, with considerable military capabilities. Our forces have trained together for many years and are already fully interoperable.

Q 5: One of the MARCOM-led annual exercises is ‘Dynamic Mercy’ designated for Atlantic Ocean as well as the Baltic Sea. Could you please brief us about this exercise?

NATO Allied Maritime Command Spokesperson: Exercise Dynamic Mercy is an annual multinational maritime search and rescue (SAR) exercise held in the Atlantic or Baltic Sea. Throughout the exercise, the personnel and units from the participating countries train together, in compliance with the procedures and standards in the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) manual.

It consists of several one-day aeronautical and maritime training scenarios.
SAR agencies (joint, maritime and air Rescue Coordination Centres), SAR units both military and civilian, a number of national authorities such as police forces, and commercial agencies all participate in the exercise. Scenarios might include helicopter at sea rescue, sea rescue and a simulated casualty clearing area, as well as simulated casualties being treated by various medical personnel.

The Dynamic Mercy exercise is an opportunity for the participating nations to develop cross-boundary and inter-regional cooperation between the Rescue Coordination Centres of NATO’s allies in the Northern region, also strengthening the coordination between NATO and regional partners.

• See more news from: NATO Allied Maritime Command MARCOM
• Standing NATO Maritime Group 1
• Standing NATO Maritime Group 2                    Royal Navy 
• NATO-KFOR                              NATO Air Command
• NATO          U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa/U.S. Sixth Fleet 

Acknowledgments: Image 1, Ships from Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group (CSG) 8, Standing NATO Maritime Group (SNMG) 2, the Italian Navy Cavour-class aircraft carrier ITS Cavour (CVH 550),the Andrea Doria-class air defense destroyer ITS Andrea Doria (D 553), and the Blue Ridge-class command and control ship USS Mount Whitney (LCC 20) transit the Adriatic Sea in support of Neptune Strike 22, Feb. 2, 2022. ©DoD/U.S Navy/Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Tate Cardinal. Interview is subject to copyright @NATO/MARCOM/ U.S Navy/U.S Europe World Affairs.com

It has been long years since 2015 that we’ve started to campaign for Finland’s accession to NATO. And this month on April 4th the history has been just flourished.  We all made it

Welcome Finland to the NATO Alliance. Editor in chief, Catherine S. Schmidt 

©Ministry of Defence of Finland

Finnish  Armed-Forces  (U.S Europe World Affairs)

Finland’s World Affairs (U.S Europe World Affairs)

• News from NATO 
• Finland Mission to NATO               U.S Mission to NATO
• U.S Embassy in Finland                Finland Embassy to U.S.
• U.S Europe Command       

 

News from Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

Dear all, the first edition of 2023 Newsletter has been just posted online. Please view it in the Newsletters section.           Have a happy and blessed Spring,  Editor in Chief                                            Newsletter

With over 100 partner-countries in the State Partnership Program (SPP) the U.S  National Guard has one of the most extensive cooperation and partnerships of the U.S armed forces with the entire world. 

The State Partnership Program (SPP) engages not only in military capacity building and modernization to support its host nations but also facilitates wide range of economic and social development programs. The SPP simultaneously supports NATO members and partner nations by various programs, training and exercises.

Minnesota National Guard and Croatia have been partners through ‘SPP’  since 1996 with many ongoing active projects like the recent aviation training from 2021.  

“The Croatian and Minnesota aviation teams have spent about 160 hours of familiarization on technical inspections, flight crew tasks, maintenance shop management, standard operating procedures, and aircrew training program development.” announced by the National Guard

  With so much to share and build upon, on February 15, 2023 after five decades of close defense and security cooperation, Minnesota National Guard and Norway singed the State Partnership Program in an official ceremony in Trondheim, Norway. 

But this was not the beginning, in fact the close partnership between Minnesota and Norway dates back to over the past half century. Minnesota and Norway enjoyed 50 years of military partnership in the wide ranging NOREX program.

“Being able to execute this mission and strengthen bonds between our two countries was a very special experience,”………“We started the exercise off as partners and allies but left it as something more — true friends.”   highlighted in the 49th troops exchange Minnesota National Guard Army Maj. Tracy Mankowski, in charge of the American contingent that traveled to Norway for NOREX 22.  April 19, 2022 ©Minnesota National Guard Public Affairs 

In State Partnership Program Minnesota National Guard and Norway Armed Forces will have the opportunity to strengthen their continued partnership in the far more broader scope.

“The U.S.-Norwegian Reciprocal Troop Exchange, or NOREX, was already the world’s longest-running military exchange partnership,” 

“Today signals an even deeper relationship, built on a mutual commitment to global security, economic cooperation, shared democratic values, and cultural exchange.”   elaborated Army Gen. Daniel Hokanson, Chief of National Guard Bureau in the signing ceremony of SPP, February 2023 ©National Guard Bureau 

• Additional: Minnesota National Guard in Norway for exchange program, 2012 
• Norway, Minnesota Guard celebrate 49th troop exchange, 2022

Acknowledgments: Image- Gen. Eirik Kristoffersen, chief of Defence of Norway; Army Gen. Daniel R. Hokanson, chief of the National Guard Bureau; and Army Maj. Gen. Shawn Manke, Minnesota National Guard’s adjutant general Feb. 15, 2023 ©Army/National Guard.  Sources: U.S. European Command public affairs, Department of Defense, Minnesota National Guard/ National Guard Bureau/ Master Sgt. Jim Greenhill/Army Sgt. 1st Class Zach Sheely/ Army Capt. Jodine Eells, Minnesota National Guard Public Affairs. Article by Editor in Chief, Catherine S. Schmidt.

Dear all, stay tuned for upcoming article: Minnesota National Guard and its State Partnership Program with Norway                                    We love you all, stay safe and blessed     Editor in Chief